United States 2026 · Data

Every political advertiser

The 24,034 Facebook and Instagram pages that ran a domestic political ad paid in dollars from 4 May 2026, from Meta’s archive as pulled on 4 November 2026. Every page links to its own Vipima page, with its weekly spend, tone and costliest ads, and from there to Meta’s Ad Library; a party’s or candidate’s page links to that party or candidate.

Download every row as CSV · Browse by state on the map

FederalStateBallot measuresLocalNo specific race✕ clear state
Candidate resultWonLostNot yet called

Filtered to Kansas

254 pages · $5M on Kansas races

Dem. 64% · Rep. 26% · no side 9.8%

Kansas on the map: races and candidates →

168 pages · 3,805 ads · $2.7M

#PageTypeSideRaceResultAdsSpendIn KSImpressionsAttackLast ad
1Adam Hamilton for KansasPaid for by Hamilton for KansasCandidateDem.Senate, KSWon · 51.0%610$1.6M$1.6M~46.5M41%26 Oct
2Dr. Roger MarshallPaid for by KANSANS FOR MARSHALLCandidateRep.Senate, KSLost · 46.0%46$144.8K$144.8K~14.7M67%25 Oct
3The Kansas BulletinPaid for by Hamilton for KansasCandidateDem.Senate, KSWon · 51.0%36$132.2K$132.2K~5.1M97%25 Oct
4Don Coover for CongressPaid for by DON COOVER FOR CONGRESSCandidateDem.House KS-2Lost · 45.0%44$101.6K$101.6K~1.5M52%26 Oct
5Philip Sarnecki For GovernorPaid for by Philip Sarnecki for GovernorCandidateRep.Governor, KS216$90.5K$90.5K~5.9M54%4 Aug
6Ty MastersonPaid for by Ty Masterson for GovernorCandidateRep.Governor, KS44$67.9K$67.6K~5M14%22 Oct
7Sharice For CongressPaid for by SHARICE FOR CONGRESSCandidateDem.House KS-3Won · 59.5%86$65.9K$65.9K~998K42%14 Oct
8Cindy Holscher for KansasCandidateDem.Governor, KS118$53.5K$53.5K~1.6M49%25 Oct
9Cindy Holscher for KS GovernorPaid for by Cindy Holscher for KansasCandidateDem.Governor, KS36$46.4K$46.4K~5.4M22%26 Oct
10Speaker Dan HawkinsPaid for by Dan Hawkins for Insurance CommissionerCandidateRep.Other statewide, KS4$24.5K$24.5K~1.7M21 Oct
11Congressman Tracey MannCandidateRep.House, district not named6$22K$22K~1.5M0.0%27 Aug
12AL for KSPaid for by AL JIRAK FOR KANSASCandidateNoneLegislature, KS300$18.1K$17.3K~379.5K46%23 Oct
13Chris MannPaid for by Chris Mann for KansasCandidateDem.Other statewide, KS99$16.4K$16.4K~399.8K59%26 Oct
14Mayor Curt Skoog for GovernorPaid for by Skoog for GovernorCandidateDem.Governor, KS53$13.4K$12.5K~1.4M5.9%3 Aug
15Scott Morgan for KansasPaid for by SCOTT MORGAN FOR SECRETARY OF STATECandidateNoneOther statewide, KS45$10.8K$10.8K~3.2M2.2%24 Oct
16Representative Sharice DavidsCandidateDem.House, district not named54$11K$9.3K~187.9K11%31 Aug
17Tracey MannPaid for by MANN FOR CONGRESSCandidateRep.House KS-1Won · 59.4%10$8K$8K~527.5K10%24 Oct
18Jennifer Day for KansasPaid for by Jen Day for KansasCandidateNoneNone5$39K$7.5K~1.2M23 Oct
19Mike Kelly for Johnson CountyCandidateRep.Local, KS16$7.3K$6.3K~592K0.0%27 Oct
20Dinah Sykes for Insurance CommissionerCandidateDem.Other statewide, KS5$6K$6K~535.5K0.0%26 Oct
21Karen Crnkovich for Johnson County Commission ChairPaid for by KAREN CRNKOVICH FOR JOHNSON COUNTY COMMISSIONCandidateNoneLocal, KS18$8.3K$4.6K~569K28%26 Oct
22Brandon WhipplePaid for by Whipple For KansasCandidateDem.Governor, KS63$4.6K$4.6K~323.8K67%26 Oct
23Amy Diediker for KS Board of EducationPaid for by Amy D for BOECandidateNoneOther statewide, KS13$4.5K$4.5K~1.1M0.0%26 Oct
24Ethan for KansasCandidateDem.Legislature, KS4$4.5K$4.5K~678.5K4 Aug
25KS State Representative Lynn MeltonPaid for by Lynn Melton 4 State RepCandidateNoneLegislature, KS2$4K$4K~275K19 Oct
26Jay Vanier, Kansas State Rep. Candidate - House District 71Paid for by Jay Vanier CampaignCandidateRep.Legislature, KS6$3.9K$3.9K~517K0.0%31 Jul
27Emily Blanks for Kansas House of Representatives, District 33Paid for by FRIENDS OF EMILY BLANKSCandidateNoneLegislature, KS5$3.5K$3.5K~166.5K20%26 Oct
28Vicki SchmidtPaid for by Vicki Schmidt for GovernorCandidateRep.Governor, KS2$3.5K$3.5K~225K27 Jul
29Derrick Pierce Smith for JudgeCandidateNoneLocal, KS17$4.2K$3.5K~343.1K0.0%28 Jul
30Mike Stieben for State RepresentativePaid for by Mike Stieben For State RepresentativeCandidateRep.Legislature, KS56$3.9K$3.3K~204.8K49%4 Aug
31Royer for Shawnee County CommissionPaid for by Royer for Shawnee County, Zac Surritt, TreasurerCandidateNoneLocal, KS61$3.2K$3.2K~230K0.0%23 Oct
32Anne for KansasCandidateDem.Senate, KS20$3.2K$3.2K~387K11%27 Jul
33Cole for Prairie VillageCandidateNoneLocal, KS25$3K$3K~145.6K4.3%26 Oct
34Bandy for KansasCandidateNoneLegislature, KS10$4.3K$3K~198.5K0.0%26 Oct
35Steven JohnsonPaid for by Steven Johnson for State TreasurerCandidateRep.Other statewide, KS14$3K$3K~283.3K0.0%24 Oct
36Mouber for KansasCandidateNoneGovernor, KS8$3K$2.9K~131.5K38%23 Oct
37Kevin Thompson for Kansas House District 86Paid for by Kevin Thompson for Kansas HouseCandidateNoneLegislature, KS19$2.9K$2.9K~112.5K13%26 Oct
38Derek SchmidtPaid for by DEREK SCHMIDT FOR CONGRESSCandidateRep.House KS-2Won · 51.3%50$2.8K$2.8K~204.7K0.0%26 Oct
39Klapper for JudgeCandidateNoneLocal, KS38$2.7K$2.7K~183.7K0.0%4 Aug
40Schwab for GovernorCandidateRep.Governor, KS7$2.6K$2.6K~297K0.0%2 Aug
41Katy for KansasPaid for by Tyndell for CongressCandidateDem.House KS-4Lost · 44.1%26$2.5K$2.5K~155.2K69%27 Oct
42Tobias for KansasPaid for by Tobias for Kansas House CandidateNoneLegislature, KS12$2.4K$2.4K~145K0.0%2 Oct
43McDonald For KansasCandidateNoneLegislature, KS4$2.6K$2.3K~106.5K15 Oct
44Sherry for KansasCandidateNoneLocal, KS3$2.3K$2.3K~100K15 Oct
45Taylor Moreland for Kansas House District 7CandidateNoneLegislature, KS16$2.3K$2.3K~204.6K0.0%26 Oct
46Judge Kate LynchPaid for by Committee to Re-Elect Judge Lynch, Diane Kane treasurerCandidateNoneLocal, KS2$4K$2.2K~225K23 Jul
47Representative Jo Ella HoyePaid for by Jo Ella for KansasCandidateDem.Legislature, KS1$2.2K$2.2K~85K6 Oct
48Jeff Pittman for State RepresentativePaid for by Jeff Pittman for KansasCandidateDem.Legislature, KS11$2.2K$2.2K~111.5K0.0%26 Oct
49McMillan for KansasPaid for by MCMILLIAN4HOUSE111CandidateNoneLegislature, KS2$2.2K$2.2K~92.5K16 Oct
50Doug Allen for House Seat # 7Paid for by T Doug Allen for House 7CandidateNoneLegislature, KS43$2.6K$2.1K~172.7K0.0%26 Oct
51Lundberg For Kansas HouseCandidateRep.Legislature, KS2$2.1K$2.1K~65K26 Oct
52Inga Selders, City Council Member - Prairie Village, Ward 2Paid for by Inga Selders Friends ofCandidateNoneLocal, KS20$2K$2K~146K11%24 Oct
53Vote ProbstPaid for by Probst for KansasCandidateDem.Legislature, KS15$1.8K$1.8K~282.5K29%15 Oct
54Representative Avery AndersonPaid for by Avery Anderson For KansasCandidateRep.Legislature, KS20$2K$1.8K~152.6K15%21 Oct
55Sandy Pickert for Kansas RepresentativePaid for by Sandy Pickert for State Representative, Debora Maddux, TreasurerCandidateNoneLegislature, KS10$1.8K$1.8K~167K0.0%22 Oct
56Rep. Ken CorbetPaid for by Corbet4Kansas, Bev Corbet, TreasurerCandidateRep.Legislature, KS7$1.7K$1.7K~111.5K0.0%23 Oct
57Chessher for KansasCandidateNoneLegislature, KS26$1.8K$1.7K~129.1K0.0%22 Oct
58TJ CampseyPaid for by Campsey for KansasCandidateRep.Governor, KS7$1.8K$1.7K~475K26 Jul
59Kiewiet for KansasPaid for by KIEWIET FOR KANSASCandidateNoneLocal, KS10$1.7K$1.7K~90.1K0.0%19 Oct
60Geiger for KansasCandidateNoneLegislature, KS4$2.5K$1.5K~178K30 Sep
61Robyn Essex for KansasPaid for by Robyn Essex for Kansas, Stephanie James, TreasurerCandidateNoneLegislature, KS12$1.5K$1.5K~227.1K0.0%22 Oct
62Alex Bergman for KansasPaid for by Bergman for Kansas House, Jeffery Sweeten, TreasurerCandidateNoneLegislature, KS12$1.5K$1.5K~99K0.0%22 Oct
63Suzanne Wikle for KansasCandidateDem.Legislature, KS16$1.4K$1.3K~109K13%3 Aug
64Rep. Nick HoheiselCandidateRep.Legislature, KS17$1.3K$1.3K~159.3K0.0%26 Oct
65Laura Williams for KansasPaid for by Laura Williams for Kansas, Treasurer: Jo Ann KonecnyCandidateNoneLegislature, KS10$1.3K$1.3K~148.6K0.0%22 Oct
66Lauren Bohi for KansasPaid for by Bohi for Kansas House, Stephanie James, TreasurerCandidateNoneLegislature, KS12$1.3K$1.3K~119.1K0.0%22 Oct
67Neagle4 KansasPaid for by Ronald Neagle for Kansas HouseCandidateNoneLegislature, KS18$1.3K$1.3K~55.7K46%30 Jul
68Rep Henry Helgerson for KansasCandidateNoneLegislature, KS4$2.1K$1.2K~142.5K23 Jul
69Pete for Kansas, District 12CandidateNoneLegislature, KS7$1.2K$1.2K~187.1K0.0%21 Oct
70Steven K. Howe for KansasCandidateRep.Legislature, KS10$1.3K$1.2K~72.1K10%26 Oct
71Team TarwaterCandidateRep.Legislature, KS3$1.1K$1.1K~187K13 Oct
72Kayla Roehler for JudgePaid for by Kayla Roehler for District Court JudgeCandidateNoneLocal8$3.9K$1.1K~319.6K0.0%31 Jul
73Colin for KansasPaid for by COLIN FOR KANSASCandidateDem.House KS-17$1.1K$1.1K~156.1K33%21 Jul
74Zach for KansasCandidateNoneGovernor, KS16$1.3K$1.1K~82.8K0.0%26 Oct
75Bobby Joe Robertson Jr For Kansas HouseCandidateNoneLegislature, KS12$1.1K$1.1K~67.1K0.0%23 Oct
76Kyler Sweely for Kansas HouseCandidateNoneLegislature, KS11$1K$1K~157K0.0%22 Oct
77Jim Howell - Sedgwick County CommissionerPaid for by Howell for County CommissionCandidateNoneLocal, KS17$1K$1K~76.5K0.0%25 Oct
78Laura Johnson for KansasCandidateNoneLegislature, KS2$999$999~227.5K26 Oct
79Lauren Reinhold for KansasPaid for by LAUREN REINHOLD FOR KANSASCandidateDem.House KS-1Lost · 37.9%6$997$997~232.5K25 Oct
80Kristen Schultz for KansasPaid for by KSforKSCandidateDem.Legislature, KS10$995$995~185.5K40%26 Oct
81Christy Davis for KansasCandidateDem.Governor, KS12$994$994~146.2K33%28 Jul
82Isaiah For KansasCandidateDem.Legislature, KS15$1.1K$945~94.5K20%26 Oct
83Mark Remmert for KansasCandidateNoneLegislature, KS18$991$942~87.1K0.0%26 Oct
84Lewis For KansasPaid for by Michael Lewis Kansas House of Representatives CandidateCandidateNoneLegislature, KS9$1K$897~157.1K50%26 Oct
85Courtney Crawford for KS House District 5CandidateNoneLegislature, KS12$894$894~78.6K18%30 Jul
86Paul Simoneau for State RepresentativePaid for by Simoneau for KansasCandidateNoneLegislature, KS17$942$892~15.2K33%3 Aug
87Ediger for EveryonePaid for by MICHELE EDIGER COMMITTEE TO ELECTCandidateDem.Legislature, KS1$850$850~112.5K20 Oct
88Allison for KansasPaid for by Allison for Kansas, Carol Shimeall TreasurerCandidateNoneNone4$5.1K$849~177K26 Oct
89Ron EstesPaid for by RON ESTES FOR CONGRESSCandidateRep.House KS-4Won · 53.6%3$849$849~65K26 Oct
90Palenske4KansasPaid for by Tom Palenske for Kansas HouseCandidateNoneLegislature, KS3$849$849~41.5K29 Jul
91Carolyn for KansasCandidateNoneLegislature, KS9$846$846~65.5K0.0%26 Oct
92Abi Boatman for KansasCandidateDem.Legislature, KS16$792$792~44.2K6.3%23 Oct
93Mike Mazzei for GovernorPaid for by Mazzei for GovernorCandidateRep.Governor, OK267$85.2K$750~12.2M9.4%27 Oct
94Max McCrite for JudgePaid for by MAX MCCRITE FOR JUDGECandidateNoneLocal7$2.5K$750~155.5K0.0%30 Sep
95Emily Hane for KansasCandidateNoneLegislature, KS1$750$750~42.5K29 Jul
96Vote ChitwoodPaid for by JON CHITWOOD FOR KANSAS HOUSECandidateNoneLegislature, KS13$744$744~29.7K0.0%23 Jul
97Megan Phillips for Kansas House District 8Paid for by Megan Phillips for Kansas House District 8 CandidateDem.Legislature, KS7$747$697~167K50%21 Oct
98Holmes for KansasCandidateNoneGovernor, KS1$650$650~47.5K25 Jul
99Kyle HoffmanPaid for by Hoffman for State RepresentativeCandidateRep.Legislature, KS3$649$649~87.5K10 Jul
100Erik Murray for KansasPaid for by ERIK MURRAY FOR KANSASCandidateDem.Senate, KS5$648$648~46.5K20%7 Jun
101Sean Willcott for KansasCandidateRep.Governor, KS7$647$647~95.1K0.0%23 Oct
102Chris Carmichael for U.S. Congress, KS-04Paid for by CHRIS CARMICHAEL BUILDING COMMON GROUNDCandidateDem.House KS-47$647$647~33.5K33%17 Jun
103Jennifer Lloyd KS State Board of Education District 1Paid for by Lloyd4ksboardCandidateNoneOther statewide, KS11$645$645~113.1K0.0%23 Oct
104Ron NeaglePaid for by Ronald Neagle for Kansas HouseCandidateRep.Legislature, KS6$597$597~46.5K60%27 Jul
105Dr. Sharilyn Ray For GovernorPaid for by Dr Sharilyn Ray for GovernorCandidateNoneGovernor, KS10$595$595~15.2K50%2 Oct
106Eli for KansasPaid for by Eli RuedaCandidateNoneLegislature, KS14$693$594~14.9K14%24 Oct
107Senator Patrick SchmidtPaid for by PATRICK SCHMIDT FOR KANSASCandidateDem.House KS-23$549$549~21.5K27 May
108Cindy Neighbor for KansasCandidateDem.Legislature, KS7$547$547~100.5K0.0%25 Oct
109Ethan Spurling for Douglas County CommissionPaid for by Spurling for Douglas County. Lisa Woods, TreasurerCandidateNoneLocal, KS17$942$546~30.5K5.9%14 Oct
110Gene for JoCoCandidateNoneLocal, KS21$1K$545~25.8K79%15 Sep
111Mike Fessinger for JudgeCandidateNoneLocal13$2.7K$499~533.5K0.0%3 Aug
112Barb for KansasPaid for by Barbara K WasingerCandidateRep.Legislature, KS4$498$498~120.5K17 Oct
113Shawn Chauncey, 65th District, Kansas House of RepresentativesPaid for by Shawn Chauncey for KansasCandidateRep.Legislature, KS4$498$498~84.5K3 Aug
114Kylie Kilmer for KS House District 70CandidateNoneLegislature, KS8$496$496~64K25%13 Oct
115Tiffany Naccarato for Kansas HouseCandidateNoneLegislature, KS10$495$495~46K20%28 Jul
116Vote for ScalfPaid for by Committee to Elect Anji ScalfCandidateNoneLocal, KS1$450$450~8.5K15 Jul
117Rob Voelker for Riley County Commission District #1Paid for by Rob Voelker for Riley County CommissionCandidateNoneLocal, KS5$448$448~62.5K0.0%15 Oct
118Lily WuCandidateNoneLocal, KS9$546$447~31.1K33%27 Aug
119Brandon Rein for Kansas House District 70CandidateNoneLegislature, KS9$446$446~28.5K0.0%4 Aug
120Paul Davidson for KansasPaid for by Paul Davidson for Kansas HouseCandidateNoneLegislature, KS9$446$446~29.6K0.0%2 Aug
121Sarah Preu for Kansas CD-03Paid for by Committee for Sarah Preu for KSCandidateDem.House KS-34$398$398~123.5K21 Jul
122Becky Fast Johnson County CommissionerCandidateNoneLocal, KS10$795$397~56K0.0%27 Oct
123Congressman Derek SchmidtPaid for by Office of Congressman Derek SchmidtCandidateNoneNone2$3.6K$350~107.5K5 Aug
124Brandon Woodard for KansasPaid for by WOODARD FOR KANSAS CandidateDem.Legislature, KS1$350$350~12.5K15 Oct
125Williams For Kansas Running for the 47th Kansas House of RepresentativesPaid for by Williams for KansasCandidateNoneLegislature, KS3$349$349~63.5K16 Oct
126Eli Woody for Kansas HouseCandidateDem.Legislature, KS5$348$348~41.5K0.0%30 Jul
127David Schneider for KansasPaid for by Committee to Elect David SchneiderCandidateNoneLocal, KS7$347$347~15.6K0.0%14 Oct
128Elect John F. SettichPaid for by ELECTJOHNFSETTICHCMSNRCandidateNoneLocal, KS5$648$299~45.5K0.0%22 Oct
129KS House Representative Chip VanHoudenCandidateRep.Legislature, KS4$298$298~47K23 Oct
130Courtney Sappington for Kansas House Dist. 5CandidateNoneLegislature, KS4$298$298~69K14 Jul
131Senator Dinah SykesPaid for by Sykes for Insurance CommissionerCandidateDem.Other statewide, KS1$250$250~17.5K4 Sep
132Aaron Coleman for KansasCandidateDem.Local, KS5$248$248~2.7K20%22 Aug
133Kevin LatzPaid for by LATZ4KANSASCandidateDem.Senate, KS5$248$248~26.5K20%2 Aug
134John Elliott for State Representative District 13CandidateNoneState25$2.9K$199~187.1K24%26 Oct
135Morgan Baum, Hutchinson City Council Candidate Seat 1Paid for by Campaign Fund for Morgan BaumCandidateNoneLocal, MN3$449$199~35.5K15 Oct
136Force for CommissionerCandidateNoneLocal, KS2$199$199~33K14 Oct
137Noah TaylorPaid for by Noah Taylor for KansasCandidateDem.Senate, KS2$199$199~15K4 May
138Rebecca Waxse for JudgeCandidateNoneLocal, MN9$646$198~45.7K0.0%26 Oct
139Brett Fairchild-Kansas State Representative-District 113Paid for by Fairchild For FreedomCandidateRep.Legislature, KS4$198$198~8.5K20 Oct
140Truelove For KansasCandidateNoneLegislature, KS1$150$150~3.5K17 Oct
141Sarah 4 KansasCandidateNoneLocal, KS1$150$150~4.5K15 Oct
142Mike Hoffman for District 5 CommissionerPaid for by Mike Hoffman for CommissionCandidateRep.Local, KS1$150$150~12.5K24 Jul
143Stacy Miller for Miami County CommissionCandidateNoneLocal8$396$149~33K63%23 Oct
144Olivia Hayse for County CommissionCandidateNoneLocal, KS5$248$149~25.5K20%19 Oct
145Henry Johns for KansasCandidateNoneLegislature, KS3$149$149~10.5K26 Oct
146Hart for KansasPaid for by HART FOR SENATECandidateDem.Senate, KS3$149$149~2.6K8 May
147Rep. Emil BergquistPaid for by Emil Bergquist for District 91, Myron Higerd, TreasurerCandidateRep.Legislature, PA3$549$99~47.5K23 Oct
148BEAT MONEY in Politics 4th D of Kansas Wichita areaPaid for by No Money CampaignCandidateNoneHouse KS-43$149$99~6.5K27 Jun
149Jim McMullen for Kansas School BoardCandidateNoneLocal, KS2$99$99~6K12 Oct
150Heather Guernsey for KansasCandidateNoneOther statewide, KS2$99$99~8K15 Aug
151Romona For KansasPaid for by Mona For HD33CandidateNoneLegislature, KS2$99$99~4K23 Jul
152Epley for CongressCandidateDem.House KS-42$99$99~7K11 May
153Pac'n Heat 2.0CandidateDem.Legislature, SD252$17.3K$50~499.9K81%16 Oct
154Frank Henderson for KansasCandidateNoneNone6$2K$50~422K0.0%26 Oct
155Tommy McNishCandidateRep.Local18$891$50~51.5K0.0%3 Aug
156Wolf Croskey for PittsburgPaid for by WOLF CROSKEY FOR PITTSBURG CITY COUNCIL 2026CandidateNoneLocal, CA17$842$50~50.6K0.0%26 Oct
157Cody Brower for District JudgePaid for by Retain Judge Cody BrowerCandidateNoneLocal13$744$50~83.5K0.0%19 May
158Jerry MayoCandidateNoneLocal9$446$50~8.8K0.0%21 Oct
159Re-Elect Brad Pope Lyon County Sheriff 2026Paid for by COMMITTEE TO ELECT BRAD POPE INCCandidateNoneLocal, NV7$347$50~23.6K0.0%20 Oct
160Darcy Goni for JO CO Treasurer CandidateNoneLocal7$347$50~5.7K15 Aug
161Westies ClassCandidateNoneNone4$198$50~20K22 Oct
162Jim Eschrich for KansasPaid for by Jim4Kansas Campaign, Mark Hamill TreasurerCandidateNoneNone4$198$50~2.6K4 Sep
163Re-Elect Holly R Hinton Haskell County TreasurerCandidateNoneLocal4$198$50~6K16 Jun
164Mike Roe for County CommissionerCandidateNoneLocal2$99$50~10K23 Oct
165Representative Adam SmithCandidateRep.Legislature, KS2$99$50~18K27 Jul
166Stacy Kohlmeier for Kansas House D67CandidateDem.Legislature, KS1$50$50~5.5K5 Oct
167Edward Boersma - Prairie VillagePaid for by EDWARD BOERSMA FOR PVCandidateNoneLocal, KS1$50$50~549.511 Sep
168Sandy for KansasPaid for by SANDY FOR KANSASCandidateDem.Senate, KS1$50$50~2.5K11 May

Spend and impressions are midpoints of Meta’s ranges, impressions capped at “1M+” per ad. Type, side and race come from a model reading each ad; a page shows the side and race most of its spend went to. Attack is the share of a page’s classified ads that attack a named opponent, shown from five ads. See the methodology.